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<h1>Doesn't amount too much</h1>

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<center><span class="summary">Outline</span></center>
<ol>
<li><a href="#part1">Expressing various degrees of amounts</a></li>
<li><a href="#part2">Indicating that's all there is using 「だけ」</a></li>
<li><a href="#part3">Using 「のみ」 as a formal version of 「だけ」</a></li>
<li><a href="#part4">Indication that there's nothing else using 「しか」</a></li>
<li><a href="#part5">Expressing the opposite of 「だけ」 with 「ばかり」</a></li>
<li><a href="#part6">Saying there's too much of something using 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」</a></li>
<li><a href="#part7">Adding the 「も」 particle to express excessive amounts</a></li>
<li><a href="#part8">Using 「ほど」 to express the extent of something</a></li>
<li><a href="#part9">Using 「～さ」 with adjectives to indicate an amount</a></li>
</ol>
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<h2 id="part1">Expressing various degrees of amounts</h2>
This lesson will cover various expressions used to express various <i>degrees</i> of amounts.  For example, sentences like, "I
<u>only</u> ate one",
"That was <u>all</u> that was left", "There's <u>just</u> old people here", or "I ate <u>too much</u>" all indicate whether there's a
lot or little of something.  Most of these expressions are made with particles and not as separate words as you see in English.

<h2 id="part2">Indicating that's all there is using 「だけ」</h2>
The particle 「だけ」 is used to express that that's all there is.  Just like the other particles we have already learned, it is directly
attached to the end of whichever word that it applies to.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<p>
（１）　<span title="りんご - apple" class="popup">りんご</span><em>だけ</em>。
<br />- Just apple(s) (and nothing else).
</p>

<p>
（２）　<span title="これ - this" class="popup">これ</span>と<span title="それ - that" class="popup">それ</span><em>だけ</em>。
<br />－Just that and this (and nothing else).
</p>

<p>When one of the major particles we covered in <a href="particles.html">Particles</a>, <a href="particles2.html">Particles 2</a>, and
<a href="particles3.html">Particles 3</a> are also applied to a word, these particles must come after 「だけ」.  In fact, the ordering of multiple
particles usually start from the most specific to the most general.
</p>

<p>
（１）　<span title="それ - that" class="popup">それ</span><em>だけは</em>、<span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べないで</span><span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">ください</span>。
<br />- Just don't eat that. (Anything else is assumed to be OK).
</p>

<p>
（２）　<span title="この - this" class="popup">この</span><span title="うた - song" class="popup">歌</span><em>だけを</em><span title="うたう - to sing" class="popup">歌わなかった</span>。
<br />- Didn't sing just this song.
</p>

<p>
（３）　<span title="その - that" class="popup">その</span><span title="ひと - person" class="popup">人</span><em>だけが</em><span title="すき - likable, desirable" class="popup">好きだったんだ</span>。
<br />- That person was the only person I liked.
</p>

<p>The same goes for double particles.  Again 「だけ」 must come first.
</p>
<p>
（１）　<span title="この - this" class="popup">この</span><span title="はんばいき - vending machine" class="popup">販売機</span>だけ<em>では</em>、<span title="ごひゃくえんだま - 500 yen coin" class="popup">500円玉</span>が<span title="つかう - to use" class="popup">使えない</span>。
<br />- Cannot use 500 yen coin in just this vending machine.
</p>

<p>With minor particles such as 「から」 or 「まで」, it is difficult to tell which should come first.  When in doubt, try googling to see the level of
popularity of each combination.  It turns out that 「からだけ」 is almost twice as popular as 「だけから」 with a hit number of 90,000 vs. 50,000.
</p>
<p>
（１）　<span title="こばやし - Kobayashi" class="popup">小林</span>さん<em>からだけには</em>、<span title="へんじ - reply" class="popup">返事</span>が<span title="くる - to come" class="popup">来なかった</span>。
<br />- A reply has not come <em>from only</em> Kobayashi-san (topic + target).
</p>

<p>Unlike some particles, you can directly attach 「だけ」 to verbs as well.
</p>
<p>
（１）　<span title="じゅんび - preparations" class="popup">準備</span>が<span title="おわる - to end" class="popup">終わった</span>から、<span title="これから - from here on" class="popup">これから</span>は<em><span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べる</span></em>だけだ。
<br />- Since the preparations are done, from here we just have to eat.
</p>
<p>
（２）　<span title="ここ - here" class="popup">ここ</span>に<span title="なまえ - name" class="popup">名前</span>を<em><span title="かく - to write" class="popup">書く</span></em>だけで<span title="いい - good" class="popup">いい</span>ですか？
<br />- Is it ok to just write [my] name here?
</p>

<h2 id="part3">Using 「のみ」 as a formal version of 「だけ」</h2>
A particle that is essentially identical both grammatically and in meaning to 「だけ」 is 「のみ」.  However, unlike 「だけ」, which is used in regular
conversations, 「のみ」 is usually only used in a written context.  It is often used for explaining policies, in manuals, and other things of that nature.
  This grammar really belongs in the advanced section since formal language has a different flavor and tone from what we have
seen so far.  However, it is covered here
because it is essentially identical to 「だけ」.  Just googling for 「のみ」 will quickly show the difference in the type of language that is
used with 「のみ」 as opposed to 「だけ」.


<p>（１）　<span title="この - this" class="popup">この</span><span title="じょうしゃけん - passenger ticket" class="popup">乗車券</span>は<span title="はつばい - sale" class="popup">発売</span><span title="とうじつ - that very day" class="popup">当日</span><em>のみ</em><span title="ゆうこう - effective" class="popup">有効</span>です。
<br />- This boarding ticket is <em>only</em> valid on the date on which it was purchased.
</p>

<p>
（２）　<span title="アンケート - survey" class="popup">アンケート</span><span title="たいしょう - target" class="popup">対象</span>は<span title="だいがくせい - college student" class="popup">大学生</span><em>のみ</em>です。
<br />- The targets of this survey are <em>only</em> college students.
</p>

<h2 id="part4">Indication that there's nothing else using 「しか」</h2>
I carefully phrased the title of this section to show that 「しか」 must be used to indicate the <b>lack</b> of everything else.  In other words, the
rest of the sentence must always be negative.

<p>（１）　<span title="これ - this" class="popup">これ</span><em>しか</em><span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ない</span>。- There's nothing but this.
</p>

<p>The following is wrong.
<br />（誤）　<span title="これ - this" class="popup">これ</span><em>しか</em><strike><span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ある</span></strike>。- (Wrong, wrong, wrong)
</p>

<p>As you can see, 「しか」 has an embedded negative meaning while 「だけ」 doesn't have any particular nuance.
<br />（１）　<span title="これ - this" class="popup">これ</span><em>だけ</em><span title="みる - to see" class="popup">見る</span>。- See just this.
<br />（２）　<span title="これ - this" class="popup">これ</span><em>だけ</em><span title="みる - to see" class="popup">見ない</span>。- Don't see just this.
<br />（３）　<span title="これ - this" class="popup">これ</span><em>しか</em><span title="みる - to see" class="popup">見ない</span>。- Don't see anything else but this.
</p>

<h3>Examples</h3>
Let's see some example sentences.
<p>
（１）　<span title="きょう  - today" class="popup">今日</span>は<span title="いそがしい - busy" class="popup">忙しくて</span>、<span title="あさごはん - breakfast" class="popup">朝ご飯</span><em>しか</em><span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べられなかった</span>。
<br />- Today was busy and couldn't eat anything but breakfast.
</p>

<p>Notice that unlike 「だけ」, it is necessary to finish off the sentence.</p>
<p>（<span title="しつもん - question" class="popup">質問</span>）　<span title="ぜんぶ - all" class="popup">全部</span><span title="かう - to buy" class="popup">買う</span>の？- You're buying everything?
<br />（１）　<span title="ううん - no" class="popup">ううん</span>、<span title="これ - this" class="popup">これ</span>だけ。- Nah, just this.
<br />（２）　<span title="ううん - no" class="popup">ううん</span>、<span title="これ - this" class="popup">これ</span>しか<em><span title="かう - to buy" class="popup">買わない</span></em> - Nah, won't buy anything else but this.
<br />（誤）　<span title="ううん - no" class="popup">ううん</span>、<span title="これ - this" class="popup">これ</span>しか。 - (Wrong, the sentence must explicitly indicate the negative.)
</p>

<p>While the major particles always come last, it turns out that 「しか」 must come after 「から」 and 「まで」.  A google search of 「からしか」 beats
「しかから」 by an overwhelming 60,000 to 600.
<p>
（１）　アリス<em>からしか</em><span title="なにも - nothing" class="popup">何も</span><span title="もらう - to receive" class="popup">もらってない</span>。
<br />- I didn't receive anything except from Alice.
</p>

<p>You can also use this grammar with verbs.
<p>
（１）　<span title="これから - from here on" class="popup">これから</span><span title="がんばる - to try one's best" class="popup">頑張る</span><em>しか</em><span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ない</span>！
<br />- There's nothing to do but try our best!
</p>
<p>（２）　<span title="こう - like this" class="popup">こう</span><span title="なる - to become" class="popup">なったら</span>、<em><span title="にげる - to run away" class="popup">逃げる</span></em>しか<span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ない</span>。
<br />- There no choice but to run away once it turns out like this.</p>
<p>（３）　<span title="もう - already" class="popup">もう</span><span title="くさる - to rot" class="popup">腐って</span>いるから、<em><span title="すてる - to throw away" class="popup">捨てる</span></em>しか<span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ない</span>よ。
<br />- It's rotten already so there's nothing to do but throw it out.
</p>

<h3>「っきゃ」, an alternative to 「しか」</h3>
「っきゃ」 is another version of 「しか」 that means essentially the same thing and works exactly the same way. Just substitute 「しか」 with 「っきゃ」 and you're good to go. This version is a bit stronger than 「しか」 in emphasis but it's not used nearly as often so I wouldn't worry about it too much. I briefly cover it here just in case you do run into this expression.

<h3>Examples</h3>
<p>（１） <span title="これ - this" class="popup">これ</span>は<span title="かう - to buy" class="popup">買う</span><em>っきゃ</em><span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ない</span>！
<br />- There's nothing but to buy this!</p>
<p>（２） <span title="こう - like this" class="popup">こう</span><span title="なる - to become" class="popup">なった</span>ら、<span title="もう - already" class="popup">もう</span><span title="やる - to do" class="popup">やる</span><em>っきゃ</em><span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ない</span>！
<br />- If things turn out like this, there nothing to do but to just do it!
</p>

<h2 id="part5">Expressing the opposite of 「だけ」 with 「ばかり」</h2>
「ばかり」 is used to express the condition where there's so much of something to the point where there's nothing else.  Notice this is
fundamentally different from 「しか」 which expresses a <b>lack</b> of everything else but the item in question.
In more casual situations, 「ばかり」 is usually pronounced 「ばっかり」 or just 「ばっか」.  For example, let's say you
went to a party to find, much to your dismay, the whole room filled with middle-aged women.  You might say the following.

<p>
（１）　<span title="なに - what" class="popup">何</span>だよ！<span title="おばさん - middle-aged lady" class="popup">おばさん</span><em>ばっかり</em>じゃないか？
<br />- What the? Isn't it nothing but obasan?
</p>

<p>Or perhaps a little more girly:
<br />（２）　<span title="いや - disagreeable" class="popup">いや</span>だ。<span title="おばさん - middle-aged lady" class="popup">おばさん</span><em>ばっかり</em>。
<br />- Eww.  It's nothing but obasan.
</p>

<h3>Examples</h3>
Let's look at some more examples.
<p>
（１）　<span title="たかし - Takashi" class="popup">崇</span><span title="くん - name suffix" class="popup">君</span>は<span title="まんが - comic book" class="popup">漫画</span><em>ばっかり</em><span title="よむ - to read" class="popup">読んでて</span>さ。<span title="かっこわるい - unattractive; not cool" class="popup">かっこ悪い</span>。
<br />- Takashi-kun is reading nothing but comic books... He's so uncool.
</p>
<p>
It is quite common in casual speech to end midsentence like this.
 Notice 「<span title="よむ - to read" class="popup">読んでて</span>」 is the te-form of 「<span title="よむ - to read" class="popup">読んでいる</span>」 with the 「い」 dropped. We assume that the conclusion will come somewhere later in the story.
 </p>

 <p>
（２）　<span title="かれ - he; boyfriend" class="popup">彼</span>は<span title="マージャン - mahjong" class="popup">麻雀</span><em>ばかり</em>です。
<br />- He's nothing but mahjong. (He does nothing but play mahjong.)
</p>

<p>
（３）　<span title="なおみ - Naomi" class="popup">直美</span><span title="ちゃん - name suffix" class="popup">ちゃん</span>と<span title="あそぶ - to play" class="popup">遊ぶ</span><em>ばっかり</em>でしょう！
<br />- You're hanging out with Naomi-chan all the time, aren't you!
</p>

<p>
（４）　<span title="さいきん - recently" class="popup">最近</span>は<span title="しごと - work" class="popup">仕事</span><em>ばっか</em>だよ。
<br />- Lately, it's nothing but work.
</p>

<h2 id="part6">Saying there's too much of something using 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」</h2>
「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」 is a regular ru-verb written 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">過ぎる</span>」 meaning, "to exceed".  However, much like 「～てほしい」 you can modify the meaning of
other verbs and adjectives.  When 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」 is attached to the end of other verbs and adjectives, it means that it is too much or that it has exceeded the
normal levels.  For verbs, you must directly attach 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」 to the stem
of the verb.  For example, to eat too much would become 「<span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べ</span><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」 and to drink too much would become 「<span title="のむ - to drink" class="popup">飲み</span><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」.
For adjectives, you just attach it to the end after you remove the last 「い」 from the i-adjectives (as usual). One more rule is that
for both negative verbs and adjectives, one must remove the 「い」 from 「ない」 and replace with 「さ」 before attaching 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」. There is no
tense (past or non-past) associated with this grammar. Since 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」 is a regular ru-verb, use of this grammar results in a regular ru-verb.

<div class="sumbox">
<span class="summary">Using 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」 to indicate there's too much of something</span>
<ul class="plain">
<li>1. For verbs, first change the verb to the <a href="polite.html#part2"><i>stem</i></a> and attach 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」.</li>
<li>例）　<span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べ<em><strike>る</strike></em></span> → <span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べ</span><em><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em></li>
<li>例）　<span title="ふとる - to get fat" class="popup">太<em><strike>る</strike></em></span> → <span title="ふとる - to get fat" class="popup">太<em>り</em></span> → <span title="ふとる - to get fat" class="popup">太り</span><em><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em></li>
</ul>

<ul class="plain">
<li>2. For na-adjectives, simply attach 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」. For i-adjectives, remove the last 「い」 first before attaching 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」.</li>
<li>例）　<span title="しずか - quet" class="popup">静か</span> → <span title="しずか - quet" class="popup">静か</span><em><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em></li>
<li>例）　<span title="おおきい - large" class="popup">大き</span><em><strike>い</strike></em> → <span title="おおきい - large" class="popup">大き</span><em><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em></li>
</ul>

<ul class="plain">
<li>3. For negative verbs and adjectives, replace the last 「い」 from 「ない」 with 「さ」 and then attach 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」</li>
<li>例）　<span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べな<em><strike>い</strike></em></span> → <span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べな<em>さ</em></span> → <span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べなさ</span><em><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em></li>
<li>例）　<span title="おもしろい - interesting" class="popup">面白くな<em><strike>い</strike></em></span> → <span title="おもしろい - interesting" class="popup">面白くな<em>さ</em></span>→ <span title="おもしろい - interesting" class="popup">面白くなさ</span><em><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em></li>
</ul>

<ul class="plain">
<li><b>Note:</b> I-adjectives that end in 「ない」 which incorporate the negative 「<span title="ない - to not exist" class="popup">無い</span>」 such as 「<span title="もったいない - wasteful" class="popup">もったいない</span>」（勿体<em>無い</em>） or 「<span title="なさけない - pitiable" class="popup">情けない</span>」（情け<em>無い</em>） follow the third rule.</li>
<li>例）　<span title="もったいない - wasteful" class="popup">もったいな<em><strike>い</strike></em></span> → <span title="もったいない - wasteful" class="popup">もったいな<em>さ</em></span> → <span title="もったいない - wasteful" class="popup">もったいなさ</span><em><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em></li>
<li>例）　<span title="なさけない - pitiable" class="popup">情けな<em><strike>い</strike></em></span> → <span title="なさけない - pitiable" class="popup">情けな<em>さ</em></span> → <span title="なさけない - pitiable" class="popup">情けなさ</span><em><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em></li>
</ul>

<ul class="plain">
<li>Most regular i-adjectives such as 「<span title="あぶない - dangerous" class="popup">危ない</span>」 or 「<span title="すくない - few" class="popup">少ない</span>」 follow the regular rule (rule 2).</li>
<li>例）　<span title="あぶない - dangerous" class="popup">危な<em><strike>い</strike></em></span> → <span title="あぶない - dangerous" class="popup">危な</span><em><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em></li>
<li>例）　<span title="すくない - few" class="popup">少な<em><strike>い</strike></em></span> → <span title="すくない - few" class="popup">少な</span><em><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em></li>

</ul>

</div>


<h3>Examples</h3>
<p>
（１）　<span title="さとう - Satou" class="popup">佐藤</span><span title="さん - name suffix" class="popup">さん</span>は<span title="りょうり - cooking" class="popup">料理</span>が<span title="じょうず - skillful" class="popup">上手</span>で、<span title="また - again" class="popup">また</span><em><span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べ</span><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">過ぎました</span></em>。
<br />- Satou-san is good at cooking and I ate too much again.
</p>

<p>
（２）　<span title="おさけ - alcohol" class="popup">お酒</span>を<em><span title="のむ - to drink" class="popup">飲み</span><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎない</span></em>ように<span title="きをつける - to be careful" class="popup">気をつけて</span>ね。
<br />- Be careful to not drink too much, ok?
</p>

<p>
（３）　<em><span title="おおきい - large" class="popup">大き</span><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em>から<span title="トランク - trunk" class="popup">トランク</span>に<span title="はいる - to enter" class="popup">入らない</span>ぞ。
<br />- It won't fit in the trunk cause it's too big, man.
</p>

<p>
（４）　<em><span title="しずか - quiet" class="popup">静か</span><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em>。<span title="わな - trap" class="popup">罠</span>かもしれないよ。
<br />- It's too quiet.  It might be a trap, you know.
</p>

<p>
（５）　<span title="じかん - time" class="popup">時間</span>が<em><span title="たりる - to be sufficient" class="popup">足りなさ</span><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎて</span></em>、<span title="なにも - nothing" class="popup">何も</span><span title="できる - to be able to do" class="popup">できなかった</span>。
<br />- Due to too much of a lack of time, I couldn't do anything.
</p>

<p>
（６）　<span title="かれ - he; boyfriend" class="popup">彼</span>には、彼女が<em><span title="もったいない - wasteful" class="popup">もったいなさ</span><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span></em>よ。
<br />- She is totally wasted on him (too good for him).
</p>

<p>It is also common to change 「<span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎる</span>」 into its <a href="polite.html#part2">stem</a> and use it as a noun.
</p>

<p>
（Aさん）　<span title="さくばん - last night" class="popup">昨晩</span>の<span title="こと - matter, event" class="popup">こと</span>、<span title="ぜんぜん - not at all" class="popup">全然</span><span title="おぼえる - to remember" class="popup">覚えてない</span>な。
<br />- Man, I don't remember anything about last night.
</p>

<p>
（Bさん）　<span title="それ - that" class="popup">それ</span>は<em><span title="のむ - to drink" class="popup">飲み</span><span title="すぎる - to exeed; to pass" class="popup">すぎ</span></em>だよ。
<br />- That's drinking too much.
</p>

<h2 id="part7">Adding the 「も」 particle to express excessive amounts</h2>
When the 「も」 particle comes after some type of amount, it means that the amount indicated is way too much.  For instance, let's look at the
next example.

<p>（１）　<span title="きのう - yesterday" class="popup">昨日</span>、<span title="でんわ - phone" class="popup">電話</span><em><span title="さんかい - three times" class="popup">三回</span>も</em><span title="する - to do" class="popup">した</span>よ！
<br />- I called you like three times yesterday!
</p>

<p>Notice that the 「も」 particle is attached to the amount "three times".  This sentence implies that the speaker called even three times and still
the person didn't pick up the phone.  We understand this to mean that three times are a lot of times to call someone.
</p>


<p>（２）　<span title="しけん - exam" class="popup">試験</span>のために<em><span title="さんじかん - 3 hours" class="popup">三時間</span>も</em><span title="べんきょう - study" class="popup">勉強</span><span title="する - to do" class="popup">した</span>。
<br />- I studied three whole hours for the exam.
</p>

<p>
（３）　<span title="ことし - this year" class="popup">今年</span>、<em><span title="じゅきろ - ten kilograms" class="popup">十キロ</span>も</em><span title="ふとる - to get fat" class="popup">太っちゃった</span>！
<br />- I gained 10 whole kilograms this year!
</p>

<h2 id="part8">Using 「ほど」 to express the extent of something</h2>
The noun 「ほど」（程） is attached to a word in a sentence to express the extent of something. It can modify nouns
as well as verbs as seen in the next example.

<p>（１）　<span title="きょう - today" class="popup">今日</span>の<span title="てんき - weather" class="popup">天気</span>は<span title="それ - that" class="popup">それ</span><em>ほど</em><span title="さむい - cold" class="popup">寒くない</span>。
<br />- Today's weather is not cold to that extent.
</p>

<p>
（２）　<span title="ねる - to sleep" class="popup">寝る</span><span title="じかん - time" class="popup">時間</span>が<span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ない</span><em>ほど</em><span title="いそがしい - busy" class="popup">忙しい</span>。
<br />- Busy to the extent that there's no time to sleep.
</p>

<p>When you use this with conditionals, you can express something that translates into English as, "The more you [verb], the more..." The grammar is
always formed in the following sequence: [conditional of verb] followed immediately by [same verb+ ほど]
</p>

<p>（１）　<span title="かんこく - Korea" class="popup">韓国</span><span title="りょうり - cooking" class="popup">料理</span>は<em><span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べれば</span><span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べる</span>ほど</em>、<span title="おいしい - delicious" class="popup">おいしくなる</span>。
<br />- About Korean food, the more you eat the tastier it becomes.
</p>

<p>The literal translation is, "About Korean food, if you eat, to the extent that you eat, it becomes tasty." which essentially means the same thing.
The example uses the <a href="conditional.html#part4">「ば」 conditional form</a>, but the <a href="conditional.html#part5">「たら」 conditional</a> will work as well.
Since this is a general statement, the contextual <a href="conditional.html#part3">「なら」 conditional</a>
will never work.  The decided <a href="conditional.html#part2">「と」 conditional</a> won't work very well here either since it may not always be true depending on the
extent of the action.
</p>

<p>（１）　<em><span title="あるく - to walk" class="popup">歩いたら</span><span title="あるく - to walk" class="popup">歩くほど</span></em>、<span title="まよう - to get lost" class="popup">迷って</span>しまった。
<br />-  The more I walked, the more I got lost.
</p>

<p>
（２）　<span title="べんきょう - study" class="popup">勉強</span>を<em><span title="する - to do" class="popup">すれば</span><span title="する - to do" class="popup">する</span>ほど</em>、<span title="あたま - head" class="popup">頭</span>が<span title="いい - good" class="popup">よく</span><span title="なる - to become" class="popup">なる</span>よ。
<br />- The more you study, the more you will become smarter.
</p>

<p>You can also use this grammar with i-adjectives by using the 「ば」 conditional.</p>

<p>（１）　iPodは、<span title="ハードディスク - hard disk" class="popup">ハードディスク</span>の<span title="ようりょう - capacity" class="popup">容量</span>が<em><span title="おおきい - big" class="popup">大きければ</span><span title="おおきい - big" class="popup">大きい</span>ほど</em><span title="もっと - much more" class="popup">もっと</span><span title="たくさん - a lot" class="popup">たくさん</span>の<span title="きょく - tune" class="popup">曲</span>が<span title="ほぞん - save" class="popup">保存</span><span title="できる - to be able to do" class="popup">できます</span>。
<br />- About iPod, the larger the hard disk capacity, the more songs you can save.
</p>

<p>
（２）　<span title="こうくうけん - plane ticket" class="popup">航空券</span>は<em><span title="やすい - cheap" class="popup">安ければ</span><span title="やすい - cheap" class="popup">安い</span>ほど</em><span title="いい - good" class="popup">いい</span>とは<span title="かぎる - to impose a limit" class="popup">限らない</span>。
<br />- It's not necessarily the case that the cheaper the ticket, the better it is.
</p>

<p>For na-adjectives, since you can't use the 「ば」 conditional you have to resort to the <a href="conditional.html#part3">「なら」 conditional</a>. Because it sounds
strange to use the 「なら」 conditional in this fashion, you will hardly ever see this grammar used with na-adjectives. Since 「ほど」 is treated as a noun, make sure
you don't forget to use 「な」 to attach the noun to the na-adjective.</p>

<p>（１）　<span title="ぶんしょう - sentence" class="popup">文章</span>は、<span title="みじかい - short" class="popup">短ければ</span><span title="みじかい - short" class="popup">短い</span>ほど、<em><span title="かんたん - simple" class="popup">簡単</span>なら<span title="かんたん - simple" class="popup">簡単</span>なほど</em><span title="よい - good" class="popup">よい</span>です。
<br />- The shorter and simpler the sentences, the better it is.
</p>



<h2 id="part9">Using 「～さ」 with adjectives to indicate an amount</h2>
We will now learn how to add 「さ」 to adjectives to indicate an amount of that adjective. For example, we can attach 「さ」 to the adjective
for "high" in order to get "height". Instead of looking at the height,
we can even attach 「さ」 to the adjective for "low" to focus on the amount of lowness as opposed to the amount of highness. In fact,
there is nothing to stop us from using this with any adjective to indicate an amount of that adjective. The result becomes a regular noun
indicating the amount of that adjective.

<div class="sumbox">
<span class="summary">Adding 「～さ」 to adjectives to indicate an amount</span>
<ul class="plain">
<li><b>For i-adjectives</b>: First remove the trailing 「い」 from the i-adjective and then attach 「さ」</li>
<li>例）　<span title="たかい - tall; expensive" class="popup">高<em><strike>い</strike></em></span> → <span title="たかい - tall; expensive" class="popup">高<em>さ</em></span></li>
<li>例）　<span title="ひくい - low" class="popup">低<em><strike>い</strike></em></span> → <span title="ひくい - low" class="popup">低<em>さ</em></span></li>
<li><b>For na-adjectives</b>: Just attach 「さ」 to the end of the na-adjective</li>
<li>例）　<span title="おだやか - calm, quiet" class="popup">穏やか</span> → <span title="おだやか - calm, quiet" class="popup">穏やか<em>さ</em></span></li>
</ul>
The result becomes a regular noun.
</div>

<h3>Examples</h3>

<p>
（１）　<span title="この - this" class="popup">この</span><span title="ビル - building" class="popup">ビル</span>の<em><span title="たかい - tall; expensive" class="popup">高さ</span></em>は<span title="なん - what" class="popup">何</span>ですか？
<br />- What is the height of this building?
</p>

<p>
（２）　<span title="いぬ - dog" class="popup">犬</span>の<span title="ちょうかく - sense of hearing" class="popup">聴覚</span>の<em><span title="びんかん - sensitive" class="popup">敏感</span>さ</em>を<span title="にんげん - human" class="popup">人間</span>と<span title="くらべる - to compare" class="popup">比べる</span>と、<span title="はるか - far more" class="popup">はるか</span>に<span title="うえ - up; above" class="popup">上</span>だ。
<br />- If you compare the level of sensitivity of hearing of dogs to humans, it is far above.
</p>

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<p class="copyright">Copyright &copy; 2003-2007 Tae Kim (taekim.japanese AT gmail.com)</p>
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<div class="small" style="text-align:right;"><pre>This page has last been revised on 2006/6/24
Fixed 「なさそう」 examples to reflect only negatives (2006/2/18)
Added 「っきゃ」 to 「しか」 section (2006/6/24)
</pre>
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